El 10 de diciembre de 2024, el Departamento de Comercio otorgó a Micron Technology hasta USD 6.165 millones en fondos directos. Esta financiación respaldará el primer paso en la visión de dos décadas de Micron de invertir aproximadamente USD 100.000 millones en Nueva York y USD 25.000 millones en Idaho, lo que creará aproximadamente 20.000 puestos de trabajo y ayudará a Estados Unidos a aumentar su participación en la fabricación de memoria avanzada de menos del 2% actual a aproximadamente el 10% para 2035.
Esta inversión ayudará a fortalecer la resiliencia económica de Estados Unidos al impulsar un suministro doméstico confiable de chips DRAM que son componentes importantes para tecnologías avanzadas como la informática personal, la informática industrial de alto rendimiento, la automoción, la industria, las comunicaciones inalámbricas y la inteligencia artificial.
Además, la Administración Biden-Harris anunció que el Departamento de Comercio ha firmado un Memorando de Términos Preliminares (PMT) no vinculante con Micron Technology por hasta USD 275 millones en fondos propuestos para expandir y modernizar sus instalaciones en Manassas, Virginia. Apoyar un suministro estable de la tecnología 1-alpha de Micron haría avanzar la resiliencia de la cadena de suministro de EE. UU. porque los chips de memoria DRAM heredados que se fabricarían en Virginia son componentes importantes para los mercados automotriz e industrial.
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Financial Times
"For the chip industry, the immediate focus is tariffs. Trump’s first term drove the sector towards a costly supply chain restructuring, with electronics assembly shifting from China to Mexico and south-east Asia. More tariffs on China are certainly coming. But some south-east Asian countries whose electronics exports have driven higher trade surpluses with the US are also in the crosshairs.
Yet not every US chip company opposes every type of tariff. To protect industry segments impacted by heavily subsidised Chinese competitors, Washington is exploring “component tariffs” — that is, taxing imports based not on the location of final assembly but on the components inside. Today, a device assembled in Vietnam containing Chinese chips pays the tariff rate for Vietnam, not China. A component-based tariff regime would target Chinese chips, regardless of where final assembly occurs. Such a policy would fit Trump’s desire to tackle Chinese subsidies with more limited cost to companies and consumers than broad-based tariffs."
Bloomberg
"Compared with Biden’s other industrial policy initiatives, the Chips Act enjoys broad-based support. A White House spokesperson pointed to that bipartisan backing in a statement, emphasizing that the law is a cornerstone of the administration’s “commitment to America’s economic and national security.”
Officials have long aimed to square away as many deals as possible by the end of 2024, allowing funds to start flowing to companies that hit specific milestones. Trump’s victory now adds urgency to the situation because the Biden team wants to insulate its industrial policy initiatives from partisan politics. Chipmakers also want to avoid renegotiating terms with a new administration.
Last month, Trump criticized the initiative as “so bad” and suggested tariffs would be a better solution. Republican House Speaker Mike Johnson then said his party would seek to “streamline” the law, as he walked back earlier remarks that Republicans would “probably” seek a repeal."
Council on Foreign Relations
"Despite producing close to 40 percent of the world’s semiconductor supply in 1990, the United States now manufactures only about 12 percent [PDF], and none of the most advanced types. In contrast, more than half of all semiconductors and some 90 percent of the world’s most advanced chips are made in Taiwan, predominantly by industry giant Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC).
Chips are crucial to modern life, powering a vast array of products including cars, computers, phones, and weapons systems. Supply disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic shook the global economy, driving growing concerns that a potential China-Taiwan conflict could cripple Western access to the chips market. More broadly, there is a growing fear that lagging behind China in such critical technologies will undermine U.S. national security and economic competitiveness."